| TITLE PAGES
|
| Foreword | xv
|
| Preface | xvii
|
| Acknowledgments | xix
|
| List of Illustrations | xxi
|
|
| Understanding Ancestors | 3
|
| PART 1
|
| Living Voices of the Past: Documents A1 to A4 | 6
|
| A1 | The Mythic Charter of the Kingfisher People of Siuai, Bougainville, 1939 | 11
|
| A2 | A Barereba Family Oral Tradition Concerning the Death of Mr J.Green, Government Agent, at Tamata Junction in 1897 | 12
|
| A3 | Ahuia Ova of Hohodae Recalls his Past Life, 1939 | 14
|
| A4 | Paliau Maloat Reflects upon his Childhood and First Experiences of the World beyond his Village, c.1954 | 23
|
| PART 2
|
| The Material Framework of Life | 27
|
| Relationships of Man to Soil: Documents A5 to A9 | 27
|
| A5 | A Government Inquiry into Land Tenure among the Moapa Tribe of the Aroma Region in British New Guinea, 1893 | 32
|
| A6 | An Old Woman of Tabar Grieves for the Loss of her Kinsmen's Gardens, 1933 | 33
|
| A7 | Ties Binding the People of Tanga to their Soil, 1934 | 34
|
| A8 | Some Evidence for the Antiquity of Horticulture near Mount Hagen, c.350 B.C. | 38
|
| A9 | Patterns of Stone Age Gardening in the Baliem Valley, 1938 | 39
|
| Networks of Exchange and Trade: Documents A10 to A15 | 42
|
| A10 | Captain Barton's Description of the 1906 Hiri | 47
|
| Al1 | Some Aspects of the Kula Ring, 1914-18 | 50
|
| A12 | A Missionary Reports on the Te Exchange Cycle among the Enga People of Wabag, c. 1950 | 55
|
| A13 | Canoe Trade and Barter among the Kiwai People, 1910-12 | 60
|
| A14 | Pigs and Shell Money in Buin: Changing Economic Patterns, 1908-34 | 62
|
| A15 | Rivalry and Exchange at an Arel Sigit Feast at Tenkuien Village, Tanga Island, September-October 1933 | 65
|
| PART 3
|
| The Community of Men and Spirits | 69
|
| Patterns of Social Relations and Politics: Documents A16 to A21 | 72
|
| A16 | Continuity and Change in Mailu, 1915-1951
|
| (a) Malinowski's View of the Village Community, 1915 | 78
|
| (b) Firth's Study of Mailu, 1951 | 81
|
| A17 | The Adaptation of the Manam Island Aristocracy to European Contact, 1934 to 1952
|
| (a) The Tanepoa in 1934 | 83
|
| (b) The Changing Situation in 1952 | 85
|
| A18 | Men of Power and Influence among the Tolai of Blanche Bay, New Britain, 1897 | 86
|
| A19 | Village Politics in the Ngarawapum Area of the Markham Valley, 1945 | 88
|
| A20 | Portrait of Kavagl, a Chimbu Despot, 1938 | 91
|
| A21 | Secret Societies as Realms of Power in the Gazelle Peninsula, 1882-1907 | 94
|
| Images of Tradition and Identity: Documents A22 to A28 | 99
|
| A22 | New Ireland Malangans in their Social and Cultural Setting, 1900 | 106
|
| A23 | A Traditional Legend and Song from the Trobriand Islands, c.1918 | 110
|
| A24 | Some Modern Secular Songs from Bougainville
|
| (a) Two Songs from Buin, c. 1934 | 112
|
| (b) A Lament on the Death of Miruho, a Mumi of Morokaimoro, c.1939 | 114
|
| A25 | The Stylized Oratory of a Kuma Rhetoric Thumper (Kang'b Ro) at a Pig Ceremonial, 1955 | 115
|
| A26 | Kondom Agaundo, a Chimbu Orator, Speaks for the Highland People in the Legislative Council, September 1963 | 116
|
| A27 | Ritual Drama at Orokolo in the Papuan Gulf, 1932 | 117
|
| A28 | The Passing of the Hohao Masks and Hevehe Ceremonial at Orokolo, c.1968 | 121
|
| Language and Society: Documents A29 to A33 | 122
|
| A29 | Papuan and Melanesian Speakers in British New Guinea, 1892 | 130
|
| A30 | The Changing Linguistic Picture of New Guinea, 1960 | 131
|
| A31 | Words, Plants and People in the History of Melanesia, 1961 | 136
|
| A32 | The Language of the Mbowamb of Mount Hagen as Evidence of Attitudes to their Environment, 1938 | 137
|
| A33 | Sir William MacGregor Adopts Motu as a Means of Communicating Law and Order to the People of British New Guinea, 1893 | 138
|
| PART 4
|
| New Guinea in a Wider World: Documents A34 to A42 | 140
|
| A34 | Genetic Evidence for the Origins of Motu and Koita Peoples of Papua, 1958 | 146
|
| A35 | Tracing the History of Highlands Ancestors through Blood Ties, 1958 | 149
|
| A36 | From Hunting to Horticulture: The Sequence of Human Endeavour in the Australian New Guinea Highlands, 1964 | 152
|
| A37 | The First Carbon Date for the Highlands -- Chuave 8400 B.C. | 155
|
| A38 | An Archaeologist Interprets Patterns of Human History in the Highlands, 1967 | 155
|
| A39 | Prehistoric Pottery Remains at Wanigela, 1905 | 159
|
| A40 | Traces Left by the Potters of Watom Island, c. 500 B.C. | 161
|
| A41 | Evidence from Grasslands of Population Movements in the Highlands, 1961 | 163
|
| A42 | A Study of Developments in the Huon Peninsula -- Towards a Regional Cultural History, 1960 | 167
|
|
| GENERAL INTRODUCTION
|
| The Intrusion of the European | 173
|
| PART 1
|
| Background, Approach and Motives | 176
|
| Early Iberian Contacts: Documents Bl to B9 | 182
|
| Bl | Dom Jorge de Meneses, First European in New Guinea, 1526 | 184
|
| B2 | Saavedra reaches 'The Golden Isle', 1528 | 184
|
| B3 | The Voyage of Grijalva and Alvarado,1537 | 185
|
| B4 | De Retes Names New Guinea, 1545 | 186
|
| B5 | The Discovery of the Solomon Islands, 1567 | 187
|
| B6 | Herrera Sums up the State of Knowledge on New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, 1601 | 188
|
| B7 | Spanish Contact with Natives of Mailu Island, 1606 | 188
|
| B8 | Evidence for a Spanish Discovery of Port Moresby, 1606 | 190
|
| B9 | A Letter from Luis Vaez de Torres to His Majesty, 1607 | 191
|
| Dutch Enterprise and Claims: Documents B10 to B28 | 192
|
| B10 | Linschoten Reveals the Limits of Dutch Knowledge of the South-west Pacific, 1596 | 195
|
| Bl1 | A Decision to Gather Information on New Guinea, 1602 | 196
|
| B12 | First Dutch Contact with New Guinea, 1605-6 | 196
|
| B13 | Carstensz Disenchanted by New Guinea and its People, 1623 | 198
|
| B14 | Tragic Trading Mission of Gerrit Pool, 1636 | 199
|
| B15 | Vink's Efforts Marred by Hostilities, 1663 | 200
|
| B16 | Keyts' Trading Expedition to the New Guinea Coast, 1678 | 201
|
| B17 | An Attempt to Regularize Trade by Treaty, 1678 | 202
|
| B18 | Ceramese Reports on the Natives of West New Guinea, c. 1685 | 203
|
| B19 | Dutch Impressions of North-west New Guinea, 1705 | 203
|
| B20 | A Papuan has his Portrait Painted, 1705 | 204
|
| B21 | A Friendly Mission Ends in Disaster, 1826 | 204
|
| B22 | Fort du Bus: First European Settlement in New Guinea, 1828 | 205
|
| B23 | The Sultan's Hongi Arrives at Dorei, 1850 | 207
|
| B24 | A Letter from the Sultan of Tidore, c. 1869 | 208
|
| B25 | Statistics of Exports from New Guinea, Halmahera and Ternate, 1845-1860 | 208
|
| B26 | Statistics of Trade between Ternate and New Guinea, 1864-1869 | 208
|
| B27 | The Netherlands' Flag Replaced at Humboldt Bay, 1876 | 209
|
| B28 | An Official Visit to the Waropen Villagers, Geelvink Bay, 1881 | 210
|
| Politics and Scholarship -- The Start to National Interest: Documents B29 to B35 | 210
|
| B29 | Dampier's Favourable Description of New Britain, 1700 | 211
|
| B30 | Dutch Reaction to British Interest in New Guinea, c. 1705 | 213
|
| B31 | Strange Islands Seen in New Guinea Waters, 1722 | 213
|
| B32 | A Desire for New Scientific Knowledge, 1752 | 214
|
| B33 | A Conviction that Useful Knowledge Should Be Shared, 1753 | 214
|
| B34 | A French Proposal for the Settlement of New Britain, 1756 | 215
|
| B35 | Scientific Interest Combined with Commercial Enterprise, 1768 | 215
|
| The Rediscovery of the Solomon Islands: Documents B36 to B42 | 216
|
| B36 | Bougainville's Encounter with the Natives of Buka, 4 July 1768 | 219
|
| B37 | De Surville Unknowingly Reaches the Solomon Islands, 1769 | 220
|
| B38 | Dalryrriple Attempts to Rationalize the Location of the Solomon Islands, 1770 | 221
|
| B39 | The Location of the Solomon Islands Solved by Buache, 1781 | 222
|
| B40 | Rediscoveries in the Solomon Islands, 1788 | 224
|
| B41 | Fleurieu Comments on Shortland's Discoveries, 1791 | 224
|
| B42 | The Search for La Perouse in New Guinea Waters, 1793 | 225
|
| Early Scientific Interest: Documents B43 to B55 | 227
|
| B43 | A French Expedition at Rawak, North-west New Guinea, 1818 | 227
|
| B44 | A French Naturalist Observes the New Irelanders, 1823 | 228
|
| B45 | Dumont D'Urville at Dorei (Manokwari), 1827 | 229
|
| B46 | A British Naturalist at Dorei (Manokwari), 1858 | 230
|
| B47 | A Russian Naturalist Settles at Astrolabe Bay, 1871 | 231
|
| B48 | A Roaring Trade in Birds of Paradise,1873 | 232
|
| B49 | S.M.S. Gazelle at New Hanover, 1875 | 232
|
| B50 | Report of a Resident of Yule Island, 1875 | 233
|
| B51 | First Australian Natural Science Expedition to New Guinea, Katau River, 1875 | 235
|
| B52 | An Account of the Inhabitants of the Admiralty Islands, 1875 | 235
|
| B53 | A Dutch Naturalist on an Expedition to Geelvink Bay and Humboldt Bay, 1876 | 236
|
| B54 | A French Naturalist at Dorei and the Arfak Mountains, 1876 | 238
|
| B55 | A Description of Secondary Industries at Dorei (Manokwari), 1883 | 239
|
| The Prelude to Sustained Contact: Documents B56 to B80 | 240
|
| B56 | A Shipping Route to China via North-west New Guinea, 1758 | 241
|
| B57 | Carteret in St George's Channel, 1767 | 242
|
| B58 | Bougainville's Account of his Discovery (in July 1768) of the Plaque Set up by Carteret on 7 September 1767 in English Cove, New Ireland | 243
|
| B59 | Cook Reflects on the Extent of Exploration of New Guinea, 1770 | 244
|
| B60 | A Description of Trade in Birds of Paradise, New Guinea, 1775 | 244
|
| B61 | A Report on Trade at Dorei (Manokwari), 1775 | 245
|
| B62 | The First Survey of McGluer's Gulf, 1792 | 245
|
| B63 | British Enterprise at Restoration Bay, 1794 | 247
|
| B64 | Captain Blackwood Receives Orders, London, 1842 | 248
|
| B65 | Captain Blackwood and his Men Have Difficulty in Adhering to Orders, Gulf of Papua, 1845 | 249
|
| B66 | Captain Owen Stanley Goes Ashore, Chaumont Island, 1849 | 249
|
| B67 | Simpson Surveys the Coasts of New Hanover, New Ireland and Duke of York Island, 1872 | 250
|
| B68 | A Search for the East Point of New Guinea, 1873-4 | 252
|
| B69 | The Ascent of the Maikasa River, 1875 | 252
|
| B70 | D'Albertis Explores the Fly River, 1876 | 255
|
| B71 | The End of a Mission, Fly River, 1876 | 256
|
| B72 | A Letter from the Katau River, 1876 | 256
|
| B73 | The Murder of an American Scientist and a Swedish Trader, 1876 | 257
|
| B74 | Naming of the Kemp-Welch River, January 1877 | 257
|
| B75 | Limited Exploration of the Manumanu River, c. 1872 | 258
|
| B76 | Advice Offered to New Guinea Exploring Parties, 1883 | 258
|
| B77 | Captain Strachan Fails to Intimidate Papuans, 1884 | 259
|
| B78 | Exploration of the' Strickland River, 1885 | 259
|
| B79 | Otto Finsch Surveys the North-east Coast of New Guinea, 1884-5 | 261
|
| B80 | The Navigation of the Kaiserin Augusta (Sepik) River, 1886 | 262
|
| PART 2
|
| First Impressions and Attitudes | 264
|
| The Image: Documents B81 to B93 | 265
|
| B81 | Speculation about the Interior of New Guinea, 1845 | 267
|
| B82 | Captain Owen Stanley Reports on the Papuans, 1849 | 267
|
| B83 | Andrew Deverel, an Adventurer in New Guinea, 1863 | 268
|
| B84 | A Sydney Audience Is Lectured on the Riches'of New Guinea, 1867 | 269
|
| B85 | A Cruise among the Cannibals, 1873 | 270
|
| B86 | Dr Meyer's Travels in New Guinea, 1873 | 270
|
| B87 | A Stimulus for Jaded Imaginations, 1875 | 271
|
| B88 | Stories of Men with Tails, 1877 | 271
|
| B89 | Hargrave Describes the Exhilaration of the Explorer, c. 1878 | 272
|
| B90 | The Denton Family Approaches New Guinea, 1884 | 273
|
| B91 | The Armit Expedition Ends in Sickness and Death, 1884 | 274
|
| B92 | Morrison's Expedition to the Interior, 1884 | 274
|
| B93 | A French Sailor in a Charmed World, 1888 | 274
|
| The Reality: Documents B94 to B125 | 275
|
| B94 | New Guinea Natives Introduced to European Guns, 1606 | 279
|
| B95 | Dutch Adventures off the North Coast of New Guinea, 1616 | 281
|
| B96 | Dampier Attempts Trade with the Natives of New Britain, 1700 | 282
|
| B97 | Dampier's Landing Place in New Britain Identified | 283
|
| B98 | Bougainville off New Britain, July-August 1768 | 284
|
| B99 | De Surville at Port Praslin, Santa Ysabel, 1769 | 285
|
| B100 | Cook Seeks Provisions from Natives of the South Coast, 1770 | 287
|
| B101 | Forrest's Friendly Reception at Dorei (Manokwari), 1775 | 288
|
| B102 | John Hunter at Duke of York enroute to England, 1791 | 289
|
| B103 | An American Captain Reflects on Causes of Native Hostility, 1791 | 291
|
| B104 | D' Entrecasteaux from the Louisiades through Dampier Strait, June-July 1793 | 291
|
| B105 | The Men of New Ireland are Observed by a Naval Captain's Wife, New Ireland, 1803 | 292
|
| B106 | Attempt to Establish Friendly Trade Relations, 1826 | 293
|
| B107 | An American Woman Observes the Primitive Bismarck Archipelago, 1831 | 294
|
| B108 | The Sulphur Visits New Ireland, 1840 | 294
|
| B109 | Papuans Entertained by Captain Stanley's Party, 1849 | 295
|
| B110 | Relationship between British Sailors and Indigenes, Brumer Island, 1849 | 296
|
| B111 | A Papuan Entertains, Brumer Island, 1849 | 296
|
| B112 | Captain Keppel Is Impressed by New Ireland and its People, 1849 | 297
|
| B113 | Lieutenant Kops on a Mission to Dorei (Manokwari), 1850 | 298
|
| B114 | A Peaceful Contact, South-east Papua, 1869 | 299
|
| B115 | Attitudes Concerning Primitive Possessions, New Hanover, 1872 | 300
|
| B116 | Mission Teachers Contact Villagers of Torotoram, 1872 | 300
|
| B117 | Moresby's Contribution to Knowledge of New Guinea, 1873-4 | 301
|
| B118 | Captain Moresby Shows Understanding and Tolerance, Killerton Islands, 1873 | 304
|
| B119 | A Discouraging Estimate of Port Moresby, 1874 | 304
|
| B120 | Otto Finsch Contacts Natives of the North-east Mainland, 1885 | 305
|
| B121 | A Christian Missionary Is Presented to the Native Gods, Bald Head, 1885 | 306
|
| B122 | Hargrave Forecasts Reactions on First Culture Contact, 1885 | 307
|
| B123 | The Royal Navy Makes Contact with Rooke Islanders, 1885 | 307
|
| B124 | An English Traveller of Social Rank Corriments on the People near Port Moresby, 1886 | 308
|
| B125 | A European Adventurer Procures a Pagan God, Katau River, 1887 | 308
|
|
| Sustained Contact and Early Settlement | 313
|
| PART 1
|
| The Process | 314
|
| Shipping Routes and Whaling Grounds in New Guinea Waters: Documents C1 to C11 | 320
|
| C1 | New South Wales and the China Trade, 1812 | 322
|
| C2 | Port Jackson towards Bengal via St George's Channel, 1800 | 322
|
| C3 | Sailing Directions for New Guinea Waters, 1811 | 322
|
| C4 | Sailing Directions for the Passage of St George's Channel, 1816 | 324
|
| C5 | European Contact with the People of Buka and Bougainville, 1840 | 324
|
| C6 | Sailing Ships off New Ireland, 1840 | 325
|
| C7 | A Comment on the Likely Effects of Sustained Contact, New Ireland, 1840 | 325
|
| C8 | Whaling Operations, Buka Bay, December, 1840 | 326
|
| C9 | A Ship's Passage through St George's Channel, 1842 | 326
|
| C10 | Port Jackson to Hongkong via Buka Island, 1844 | 327
|
| C11 | Europeans in the Western Pacific, 1839 | 327
|
| Individual Europeans Living amongst the People: Documents C12 to C14 | 328
|
| C12 | A European Chieftain on New Ireland, 1835 | 329
|
| C13 | Miklouho-Maclay Makes First Contact with the People, Astrolabe Bay, 1871 | 331
|
| C14 | The Return of Miklouho-Maclay to the Maclay Coast, Astrolabe Bay, 1876 | 331
|
| The Vicariate Apostolic of Melanesia and Micronesia : Documents C15 to C31 | 333
|
| C15 | Bishop Epalle's First Plan for the Evangelization of New Guinea and Micronesia, Rome, 1843 | 335
|
| C16 | The Papal Brief, 'Ex debito pasto-ralis officii', Establishing the Vicariate Apostolic of Melanesia and Micronesia, Rome, 1844 | 335
|
| C17 | Some Thoughts on the Evangelization of New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland and the Solomons, Paris, 1845 | 335
|
| C18 | Planning the Entry into New Guinea, Sydney, 1845 | 336
|
| C19 | The Society of Mary Enters New Guinea, 1847 | 336
|
| C20 | The Advance to Rooke Island, 1848 | 338
|
| C21 | The Lambs and the Wolves of Woodlark Island, 1851 | 339
|
| C22 | The Holy See Authorizes Priests for the Free Colony, Rome, 1880 | 339
|
| C23 | A Request from Rome for Renewal of Mission, Rome, 1881 | 340
|
| C24 | Background to the Sacred Heart Mission to New Guinea, Rome, 1881 | 340
|
| C25 | The Organization of the Sacred Heart Mission, Rome, 1881 | 342
|
| C26 | Towards the Goal, Sydney, 1882 | 342
|
| C27 | A Trader Observes the Beginnings of the Sacred Heart Mission, New Britain, 1882 | 343
|
| C28 | Archbishop Moran Advises a Move into Port Moresby, Rome, 1884 | 344
|
| C29 | The 'Dear Promised Land' is Reached, Yule Island, 1885 | 345
|
| C30 | The Yule Island Mission of the Sacred Heart, Yule Island, 1886 | 345
|
| C31 | A Missioner of the Sacred Heart States his Object, Yule Island, 1887 | 346
|
| The London Missionary Society: Documents C32 to C51 | 346
|
| C32 | The London Missionary Society Observes the Torres Strait Islands and New Guinea, London, 1837 | 348
|
| G33 | An L.M.S. Missionary Pleads for a Wider Field, Mare, 1867 | 349
|
| G34 | The L.M.S. Decides on an Extension to its South Sea Mission, London, 1869 | 349
|
| G35 | The Proposal to Extend the Work of the L.M.S. to New Guinea Is Approved, London, 1869 | 350
|
| C36 | Strategy and Motive: The L.M.S. and the New Guinea Mission, Samoa, 1870 | 350
|
| G37 | The Means of Approach to New Guinea, 1871 | 351
|
| G38 | The London Missionary Society Reaches its Goal, Papua, 1871 | 351
|
| C39 | First Contact of the L.M.S. at Red-scar Bay, Papua, 1871 | 353
|
| C40 | The Rev. Samuel Macfarlane Reports to London on the Result of his Preliminary Survey of New Guinea, Cleveland Bay, 1871 | 353
|
| C41 | The L.M.S. Directors Give Thanks for the Successful Beginning of the New Guinea Mission, London, 1871 | 354
|
| C42 | Decisions Affecting the New Guinea Mission, London, 1872 | 355
|
| C43 | Captain Moresby is Critical of London Missionary Society Policy, Somerset, Cape York, 1873 | 355
|
| C44 | The Rev. A.W. Murray Comments on Captain Moresby's Criticism of London Missionary Society Policy, Cape York, 1873 | 356
|
| C45 | Port Moresby, Recently Discovered, Is Considered as a Possible Site for a London Missionary Society Station, Somerset, Cape York, 1873 | 356
|
| C46 | The London Missionary Society Establishes a Station at Port Moresby, 1873 | 357
|
| C47 | Mission Planning, Somerset, 1874 | 357
|
| C48 | The London Missionary Society Installs its First European Missionary on the Mainland of New Guinea, Port Moresby, 1874 | 358
|
| C49 | The L.M.S. Directors Urge Extension of the Mission Eastwards, London, 1875 | 360
|
| C50 | The Establishment of the China Straits Branch of the London Missionary Society, 1877 | 361
|
| C51 | Formulation of Policy, London, 1879 362
|
| The Australasian Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society: Documents C52 to C70 | 362
|
| C52 | A New Guinea Mission Proposed, Sydney, 1864 | 363
|
| C53 | Proposals for a New Guinea Mission Rejected, London, 1864 | 363
|
| C54 | The Rev. George Brown Proposes an Extension of the Wesleyan Mission to New Guinea, Samoa, 1871 | 364
|
| C55 | The Australian Board of Missions of the Methodist Church Prepares to Enter the Bismarck Archipelago, Sydney, 1874 | 364
|
| C56 | The Decision to Extend the Wesleyan Methodist Mission to the Bismarck Archipelago, Sydney, 1874-5 | 365
|
| C57 | The Plan for the New Mission Is Presented to the Public, Ballarat, 1874 | 366
|
| C58 | The Rev. George Brown Approaches his Task and Makes First Contact, St George's Channel, 1875 | 366
|
| C59 | The Wesleyan Mission Begins, Duke of York Island, 1875 | 367
|
| C60 | Editorial Comment on the New Mission, Sydney, 1874 | 368
|
| C61 | The Wesleyan Missionaries Decide on Policy, Bismarck Archipelago, 1877 | 368
|
| C62 | A Samoan Teacher on Duke of York Island Considers his Task, 1877 | 369
|
| C63 | A Trader's Criticism of Wesleyan Methodist Missionaries, Sydney, 1880 | 369
|
| C64 | The Rev. George Brown Answers Criticism, Port Hunter, 1880 | 370
|
| C65 | The Rev. R.H. Rickard Answers theCall, Queensland, 1882 | 371
|
| C66 | The Wesleyan Mission Reports, New Britain, 1883 | 372
|
| C67 | A Call for Reinforcements, New Britain, 1883 | 376
|
| C68 | The Mission at Raluana, New Britain, 1883 | 376
|
| C69 | Conditions for Native Teachers, New Britain, 1884 | 377
|
| C70 | Wesleyan Mission Difficulties and a Proposal for German Mission Help, New Britain, 1886 | 377
|
| Other Christian Missions and Inter-Mission Relationships : Documents C71 to C78 | 378
|
| C71 | Indifferent Success of Dutch Mission Work at Dorei Bay, 1883 | 379
|
| C72 | The Founding of the Lutheran Mission, by Johann Flierl, Finschhafen, 1886 | 380
|
| C73 | Johann Flierl Chooses the Site for the Mission, Simbang, 1886 | 381
|
| C74 | Lutheran Mission Policy, Finschhafen, 1887 | 382
|
| C75 | Refugees and Agents of Popery, New Britain, 1880 | 383
|
| C76 | A French Priest at Nodup, New Britain, 1881 | 384
|
| C77 | Heresy as the Principal Adversary of the Sacred Heart Mission, New Britain, 1882 | 384
|
| C78 | An L.M.S. Attitude to the Sacred Heart Mission, London, 1887 | 385
|
| Colonization Schemes, Industry, Trade and Land Dealing: Documents C79 to C94 | 386
|
| C79 | European Settlement in New Guinea Is Contemplated, Sydney, 1867 | 387
|
| C80 | The New Guinea Prospecting Expedition Is Organized, Sydney, 1871 | 388
|
| C81 | The New Guinea Expedition Terminates in Disaster, Brisbane, 1872 | 389
|
| C82 | The Rev. George Brown Conjectures on the Effect of Entry of European Traders, Bismarck Archipelago, 1877 | 389
|
| C83 | Economic Change, New Britain, 1880 | 390
|
| C84 | Commerce and Trade in the Bismarck Archipelago, 1880 | 390
|
| C85 | The Profits of Trade Estimated, London, 1880 | 391
|
| C86 | The European Community, Duke of York Group, 1880 | 393
|
| C87 | Trading by Thomas Farrell, Duke of York Group, 1881 | 394
|
| C88 | The Copra Trade, Bismarck Archipelago, 1881 | 395
|
| C89 | Thomas Farrell and his Traders, New Britain, 1883 | 395
|
| C90 | A Planter on the Shores of Blanche Bay, New Britain, 1886 | 396
|
| C91 | Economic Prospects for New Guinea, Sydney, 1886 | 396
|
| C92 | A Land Dispute, New Britain, 1879 | 397
|
| C93 | Land Dealing by the Sacred Heart Mission, New Britain, 1882 | 397
|
| C94 | The Wesleyan Mission Buys Land, New Britain, 1883 | 398
|
| The Free Colony of Nouvelle-France: Documents C95 to C106 | 398
|
| C95 | The Site of the Capital as Seen by Bougainville, Port Praslin, 1768 | 401
|
| C96 | Dumont D'Urville Reports on Port Praslin, 1827 | 401
|
| C97 | The Marquis de Rays Launches his Scheme, Marseilles, 1879 | 401
|
| C98 | Port Praslin as Described in Europe, Paris, 1880 | 402
|
| C99 | Arrangements for Land Tenure in the Free Colony, Paris, 1880 | 402
|
| C100 | Information for Intending Immigrants to New France, Paris, 1880 | 403
|
| C101 | The Symbolism of New France, France, 1880 | 404
|
| C102 | The Maddest of Schemes, New Bri tain, 1880 | 404
|
| C103 | The French Colony at Metlik, New Ireland, 1880 | 405
|
| C104 | A Naval Officer's Report on the Port Breton Colony, 1880 | 405
|
| C105 | The State of the Colony, Port Breton, 1882 | 406
|
| C106 | A Colonist at Port Breton, 1881 | 407
|
| PART 2
|
| Some Results: Impact, Interaction and Change | 409
|
| Attitudes and Responses: Documents C107 to C114 | 412
|
| C107 | Communication, Duke of York Island, 1875 | 412
|
| C108 | A Missionary's View of Native Society, Bismarck Archipelago, 1881 | 412
|
| C109 | Sin, Vice and Horror, Duke of York Island, 1881 | 413
|
| C110 | A Sabbath Day Lament, New Britain, 1880 | 413
|
| Clll | A Missionary Attitude to Polygamy, 1887 | 414
|
| C112 | A Comment on Missionary Attitudes, Port Moresby, 1884 | 414
|
| C113 | Differing Responses of Missionaries towards the Indigenous Culture, New Britain, 1886 | 415
|
| C114 | Miklouho-Maclay and Divinity, Astrolabe Bay, 1877 | 415
|
| Education: Documents C115 to C118 | 415
|
| C115 | Mission Education, New Britain, 1879 | 415
|
| C116 | Schooling for Local Chiefs, Duke of York Island, 1880 | 416
|
| C117 | Early Mission Education and its Effects, New Britain, 1886 | 416
|
| C118 | Lutheran Mission Education, Finschhafen, 1888 | 417
|
| Violence: Documents C119 to C130 | 418
|
| C119 | Casus Belli, New Britain, 1878 | 418
|
| C120 | The Six Day War, New Britain, 1878 | 419
|
| C121 | Making the Peace, New Britain, 1878 | 421
|
| C122 | The Rev. George Brown Is Thanked by Other European Settlers, New Britain, 1878 | 423
|
| C123 | The Rev. George Brown Defends his Actions, New Britain, 1878 | 423
|
| C124 | The Australasian Wesley an Methodist Missionary Society Board Deliberates, Sydney, 1878 | 424
|
| C125 | The Rev. George Brown Is Given Some Advice, Sydney, 1878 | 425
|
| C126 | Relationships between Europeans and Natives, New Britain, 1880 | 425
|
| C127 | A Naval Officer's Report on the Six Day War, 1879 | 426
|
| C128 | Church-State Cooperation in Peace Keeping, New Britain, 1879 | 427
|
| C129 | War and Rumours of War, New Britain, 1880 | 428
|
| C130 | Peace Keeping in the Gazelle Peninsula, 1886 | 428
|
| Labour Recruiting: Documents C131 to C133 | 429
|
| C131 | Missionaries and Labour Recruiters, Bismarck Archipelago, 1880 | 429
|
| C132 | H.H. Romilly Reports, Bismarck Archipelago, 1883 | 429
|
| C133 | Resistance at Nodup to Labour Recruiters, 1883 | 431
|
|
| The Partition of Eastern New Guinea | 435
|
| PART 1
|
| New Guinea Divided: The Protectorates | 438
|
| The Annexation Movement up to 1883: Documents D1 to D6 | 438
|
| D1 | Moresby Hoists the Flag, 1873 | 439
|
| D2 | The Sydney Morning Herald on the Financing of British Intervention in the Pacific | 440
|
| D3 | The London Missionary Society and the Rule of Law in Papua | 441
|
| D4 | The Colonial Office Replies to the London Missionary Society | 442
|
| D5 | The Allgemeine Zeitung Urges German Annexation of New Guinea | 443
|
| D6 | An Imperial Federationist Seeks Annexation | 443
|
| The Queensland Annexation: Documents D7 to D11 | 445
|
| D7 | Chester's Proclamation Purporting to Annex Eastern New Guinea | 445
|
| D8 | A Governor's Justification of Annexation | 446
|
| D9 | The Aborigines Protection Society and the Queensland Annexation | 446
|
| D10 | Lord Derby Disapproves | 447
|
| D11 | Mcllwraith in Defence of the Queensland Annexation | 449
|
| After the Queensland Coup: Towards a Compromise: Documents D12 to D17 | 451
|
| D12 | The Melbournians Demand Intervention in the Pacific, 1883 | 451
|
| D13 | The Scots Merchants'Petition | 453
|
| D14 | The Intercolonial Convention of 1883 | 453
|
| D15 | Lord Derby's Circular Despatch of 9 May 1884 | 455
|
| D16 | A Voice in the Wilderness | 456
|
| D17 | The New Guinea and Pacific Jurisdiction Contribution Act of 1884 (48 Vic, No. 7) | 457
|
| Proclaiming the British Protectorate: Documents D18 to D21 | 458
|
| D18 | Romilly's Proclamation of 23 October 1884 | 460
|
| D19 | Erskine Proclaims the Protectorate a Second Time | 460
|
| D20 | Erskine's Proclamation: The Final Version | 464
|
| D21 | The Extension of the British Protectorate | 465
|
| The Establishment of the German Protectorate in Eastern New Guinea: Documents D22 to D25 | 466
|
| D22 | The German Protectorate Announced | 466
|
| D23 | The Official German Version of the Partition of New Guinea | 466
|
| D24 | Chartered Company Rule in German New Guinea | 472
|
| D25 | The Imperial Letter of Protection Delegating Administrative Powers to the New Guinea Company in the Solomons | 473
|
| PART 2
|
| Anglo-German Relations and the Partition of New Guinea: Documents D26 to D36 | 475
|
| D26 | The Victorian Protest about German Intervention in New Guinea | 477
|
| D27 | The Melbourne Argus on the German Protectorate | 477
|
| D28 | Granville's Record of his Talk with Munster on German Imperial Aspirations | 481
|
| D29 | The Original British Proposal to Protect New Guinea | 482
|
| D30 | German Objections to British Protection of the Northern Coastline | 483
|
| D31 | The Amended British Proposal | 483
|
| D32 | The Germans' Justification for Intervention in New Guinea | 484
|
| D33 | The British Case in the Dispute over the Partition of New Guinea | 488
|
| D34 | The German Aide Memoire | 490
|
| D35 | The Anglo-German Compromise of April 1885 | 491
|
| D36 | The Second Anglo-German Declaration of 1886 | 492
|
| PART 3
|
| The Problem of Jurisdiction | 494
|
| Legal Problems in the Protectorate of British New Guinea: Documents D37 to D44 | 495
|
| D37 | General Scratchley's Appointment and Instructions | 496
|
| D38 | The Pacific Islanders Protection Act 1875 (38 and 39 Vic.,c. 51) | 498
|
| D39 | The Western Pacific Order in Council, 1877 | 499
|
| D40 | A Punitive Expedition in the Protectorate | 502
|
| D41 | The Powers of the Special Commissioner in the Protectorate of British New Guinea | 503
|
| D42 | The Colonial Office View of the Special Commissioner's Jurisdiction | 503
|
| D43 | The Gladstone Undertaking of 1884 | 504
|
| D44 | The Law Officers' Report of December 1884, on British New Guinea | 505
|
| Jurisdiction in the German Protectorate: Documents D45 to D46 | 506
|
| D45 | The Decree Asserting Jurisdiction over the Inhabitants of the German Protectorate | 507
|
| D46 | The Law Officers' Report of 1887 on the German View of Jurisdiction in Protectorates | 507
|
| British New Guinea: Annexation, Administration and Finance: Documents D47 to D57 | 509
|
| D47 | The Colonial Office Announces its Decision to Annex | 511
|
| D48 | Annexation and the Financial Hurdle | 511
|
| D49 | The British New Guinea (Queensland) Act of 1887 (51 Vic, No. 9) | 512
|
| D50 | A Minute for a New Act | 515
|
| D51 | The British Settlements Act 1887 (50 and 51 Vic.,c;. 54) | 515
|
| D52 | Annexing the Protectorate | 517
|
| D53 | MacGregor's Proclamation | 518
|
| D54 | Letters Patent Passed Under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom for Erecting Certain British Territory in New Guinea and the Adjacent
Islands into a Separate Possession, and Providing for the Government Thereof | 519
|
| D55 | Commission Passed Under the Royal Sign Manual and Signet, Appointing William MacGregor, Esquire, M.D., C.M.G., to be
Administrator of British New Guinea | 520
|
| D56 | The Law Officers' Report of 14 November 1888 | 521
|
| D57 | The Law Officers' Report of 15 January 1889 | 521
|
|
| Select Bibliography | 524
|
| Index | 541
|
