• pemerintah (government)
• gereja (church)
• PBB dan sejarah (UN and history)
• organisasi lain (other organisations)

Kata singkat berhubungan Pemerintah

Abdi masyarakat

Lit. "servant of the society". Term to describe the obligation of a civil servant (PNS) to safeguard the interests of the society

Abdi negara

Lit. "servant of the state". Term to describe the obligation of a civil servant (PNS) to work for the interests of the state

ABRI (Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia)

Indonesian Armed Forces

Afdeling

Former Dutch administrative and political unit in the Netherlands East Indies and Netherlands New Guinea. Afdeling was replaced by kabupaten during the New Order period and has now again been replaced in official usage by the term district.

AMD ("ABRI Masuk Desa")

(literally: "The army comes to the village"). Term to describe the civil mission of ABRI to assist rural development (e.g. by building infrastructure) in the framework of ABRI's dual functions as military and socio-political force (dwifungsi)

APBD (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah)

Budget of the autonomous regions

APBN (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Nasional)

Central government budget

Autonomous regional government

The a.r.g. consists of the Kepala Daerah as highest representative of the regions, and the DPRD

Autonomous regions

The Law No. 5 (1974) formed a.r. on the level of the provinces (First Level Autonomous Region) and on the level of the regencies/ municipalities (Second Level Autonomous Region). A.r. have a certain jurisdiction of their own, own sources of revenue (like local taxes) and a regional House of Representatives

Badan

Executive institution of a higher level (translated as board or agency)

Bagi hasil pajak

Allocated taxes. Taxes that are collected centrally by the central government and then distributed between central and autonomous regions. The most prominent example is the PBB

Bagian anggaran

Organisational unit which is determined in the budget (APBN) to execute a certain budget allocation

BAKIN (Badan Koordinasi Inteljen Negara)

National Intelligence Agency

BAKN (Badan Administrasi Kepegawaian Nasional)

National Civil Service Administration Agency: non-departmental central government institution (LPND) handling the personnel administration of the civil service (like appointment and retirement, keeping of personnel data files)

Balai

Executive institution of a lower level (translated as office or authority)

Bangda (Direktorat Jenderal Pembangunan Daerah)

Directorate-Jenderal for Regional Development in the DDN

Bangdes (Direktorat-Jenderal Pembangunan Desa)

Directorate-General for Village Development in the DDN

Bappeda (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah)

Regional Development Planning Board, regional equivalent of BAPPENAS, element of the daerah-administration

BAPPENAS (Badan Perancanaan Pembangunan Nasional)

National Development Planning Board. Non-departmental institution (LPND) in charge of preparing the annual development budget and the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita)

Berkeley Mafia

Influential group of senior civil servants and political advisors to the "New Order"-government. Formulated the economic policies of the government, and is supposed to dominate in departments like the Department of Finance, or in BAPPENAS (see also Gadjah Mada Group)

Bestuur, Binnenlandsche

Dutch administration during the Dutch rule in Indonesia

Bestuur, Inheemsche

Indigenous Indonesian administration during the Dutch rule, subordinated to the Dutch administration (Bestuur, Binnenlandsche)

Bhinneka Tunggal Ika

"Unity in Diversity". National motto that reflects the wish for national unity despite the huge cultural, religious, social and economic differences between the various ethnic groups and regions in Indonesia

BI (Bank Indonesia)

Central bank of the Indonesian state in charge of monetary affairs. One of the "high state institutions" ( lembaga tinggi negara)

Bimas (Bimbingan Masal)

Package-deal credit plan offered by government.

Bina Graha

President's executive office.

Bina Marga

Directorate General of highway construction and maintenance.

BKKBN (Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional)

National Family Planning Agency. LPND in charge of family planning programmes

BKPM (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal)

National Investment Coordination Board. LPND in charge of setting up investment plans, approving investment applications, monitoring and evaluating investment from domestic and foreign sources

BKPMD (Badan Koordinasi Penamanan Modal Daerah)

Regional Investment Coordination Board. Equivalent to the BKPM in the first level autonomous region (Dati 1). Element of the wilayah-administration

BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer)

Modality used for private investment in public infrastructure where the investor can operate the infrastructure for a specified period of time before it is handed over to the government

BP7 (Badan Pembinaan Pendidikan Pelaksanaan Pedoman Penghayatatan Pengamalan Pancasila)

LPND in charge of the dissemination of the state ideology Pancasila. BP7 has designed and implements the P4 course on Pancasila

BPD (Badan Pertimbangan Daerah)

Advisory body for the Kepala Daerah at the Dati I and Dati Il level which consists of the senior leaders of the DPRD, i.e. the speaker and his deputies, the chairpersons of the factions, and the DPRD's secretary

BPD (Bank Pembangunan Daerah)

Regional Development Bank BUMD

BPHN (Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional)

Agency for the Development of the National Law. Technical agency under the Department of Justice to review and modify colonial laws and to discuss the national legislative programme

BPIS (Badan Pengelola Industri Strategis)

Management board under the Department of Science and Technology to oversee 10 BUMN in strategic industries like aviation, electronics, ship-building

BPK (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan)

State Auditing Board. One of the lembaga tinggi negara (high state institution) in charge of auditing the national budget, the regional budgets and the budgets of the public enterprises (BUMN and BUMD). The BPK reports to the DPR

BPKP (Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan)

Control Agency for Finance and Development. LPND which audits government expenditure (including daerah government and public enterprises) and development programmes. The functions of BPKP are very similar to the functions of the BPK, but institutionally it is subordinate to the Coordinating Minister for Finance and Development

BPN (Badan Pertanahan Nasional)

National Land Authority. LPND dealing with issues of land ownership and transfer of land

BPPT (Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi)

Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology. One of the LPND

BPS (Biro Pusat Statistik)

Central Bureau of Statistics. One of the LPND

BULOG (Badan Urusan Logistik)

National Logistics Board LPND whose main task is the stabilisation of market prices for essen- tial basic commodities like rice, sugar, wheat flour and cooking oil through market operations and the building of buffer stocks. For the mentioned commodities BULOG is the only licensed importer and distributor.

BUMD (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah)

Public enterprise owned by a autonomous regional government. The majority of the BUMD are local water utilities and regional development banks

BUMN (Badan Usaha Milik Negara)

Public enterprise owned by the central government.

Bupati

Head of a kabupaten, as such simultaneously head of the autonomous regional government (Kepala Daerah) and head of the wilayah administration. The bupati represents directly the President at the kabupaten level. In the past few years, the term kabupaten has been replaced by the term district (consistent with the former Dutch administrative division afdeling).

Calon PNS

Candidate for the civil service whose appointment has not been finalized yet by the BAKN

Camat

Head of the kecamatan administrative tier below the kabupaten level. Career civil servant. Official usage of the term kecamatan has declined in recent years and been replaced by the term sub-district and matched by a similar shift in terminology from kabupaten to district.

CSIS (Centre for Strategic and International Studies)

Private policy research institute based in Jakarta

Cukong

Expression used to characterise the behind-the scene financier (usually of chinese ethnics) backing the commercial and financial activities for a pribumi

Daerah

Literally "region". In the terminology of the Indonesian public administration, d. stands for two levels of the autonomous regions as defined in the Law No.5 (1974) on regional administration.

Daerah Tk. II

Dati II

Daerah Tk. I

Dati I

Daerah-administrasi

Administrative apparatus of the daerah-government, con- sisting of technical agencies (diners), implementation units (UPD, UPDT), regional enterprises (BUMD), the regional BAPPEDA and BP7

Daerah-government

Government of an autonomous region. It consists of the DPRD and the Kepala Daerah

Dati I (Daerah Tingkat I)

First Level Autonomous Region. Its territory is identical with the provinces

Dati II (Daerah Tingkat II)

Second level autonomous regions. Its territory is identical with the kabupaten or the kotamadya

DDN (Departemen Dalam Negri)

Ministry of Home Affairs

Dep

Abbreviation for departemen

Departemen

Department. Main institution of the central government

Desa

Village

Dewan

Literally "board" or "council"

Dharma Wanita

Organisation of civil servants' wives

Diarahkan

Literally "guided". Part of the central government funds to the regions that can be spent by the regional governments according to their own priorities within the general purpose as determined by the central government

DIK (Daftar Isian Kegiatan)

Approved budget component in the routine budget

Diklat teknis

Lit. "technical training". Training that is geared to the specific tasks and functions of a civil service position, irrespective whether it is a jabatan struktural or a jabatan fungsional

Diklat struktural

Structural training, i.e. training and education for holders of structural management positions (jabatan struktural) in the Indonesian civil service. D.S. is a career development training the attendance of which is a precondition for promotion to a higher eselon. There are three levels of d.s.: SPAMA, SPAMEN and SPATI

Diklat

Abbrev. for pendidikan dan pelatihan (training and education)

Diklat fungsional

Functional training, i.e. training and education for holders of functional positions (jabatan fungsional) in the Indonesian civil service. The main purpose of d.f. is the improvementof the professional skills and knowledge

Dinas

Technical unit of the autonomous regional government, responsible to the Kepala Daerah and with functional links to the respective instansi vertikal

DIP (Daftar Isian Proyek)

Approved project document for development projects funded from the budget. The DIP describes the activities, the schedule and the financial allocations of the project

Dirjen (Direktur Jenderal)

Director-General

District

This is the administrative and political unit below the provincial level and the "First Level Autonomous Region" (Pemda Tingkat II). In the past few years, this term has come to replace kabupaten in official discouse (This level of government corresponds to the former Dutch administrative division afdeling).

Ditetapkan

Literally "fixed". Part of the central government funds to the regions whose utilisation has been determined by the central government

DKI (Daerah Khusus Ibukota)

Term for the capital Jakarta in its function as one of the 27 provinces

DP3 (Daftar Penilaian Pelaksaanan Pekerjaan)

Format used for the performance evaluation of civil servants

DPA (Dewan Pertimbangan Agung)

Supreme Advisory Council. One of the "high state institutions" (lembaga tinggi negara) which fulfills an advisory function to the president

DPOD (Dewan Pertimbangan Otonomi Daerah)

Advisory body for the DDN to advise the government in matters relating to the regional autonomy. The DPOD e.g. approves the transfer of governmental tasks to the daerah-governments

DPR (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat)

House of Representatives. The working parliament of the Indonesian Republic and one of the lembaga tinggi negara

DPRD, I and II (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah)

Regional House of Representatives. Representative body at the levels of the autonomous regions, which forms an constituent part of the regional government

DUK (PNS), Daftar Urut Kepangkatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil

List of civil servants of an institutions according to rank and seniority. Should be used for promotion decisions

DUK (Daftar Usulan Kegiatan)

Proposal for funding from the routine budget

DUP (Daftar Usulan Proyek)

Proposal for a development project that should be funded from the annual budget. Once approved, the DUP becomes a DIP

DUPDA (Daftar Usulan Proyek Daerah)

Proposal of a development project of the region

Dwifungsi

Literally "two functions". Term to describe the double function of AHRI in the Indonesian state: a) defense and security, b) social-political affairs

Eselon

Level of a structural position in the civil service. At present there are five levels, ranging from Eselon V to Eselon I. Eselon I is the level of Director-Generals, Secretary-Generals and Inspectorate-Generals

FCHI

Association of Hindu Intellectuals

First Level Regional Government

Pemda Tk. I, autonomous regional government

Formasi

Establishment. The f. describes the number and the ranks of the civil service positions in a government institution, and is reflected in the institution's budget

Gadjah Mada Group

Group of civil servants from Indonesian universities. Supposed to dominate departments like Home Affairs andForeign Affairs (see also Berkeley Mafia)

GBHN (Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara)

Broad Guideline of State Policy. The GBHN are approved by the MPR every five year at the beginning of the presidential term, and constitute the political programme of the administration during these five years. The GBHN are the framework for the formulation of the Repelita and the annual budgets

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GNP

Gross National Product

GOLKAR (Golongan Karya)

(lit. Functional Groups). G. was established in 1964 as an association of various functional and professional organisation. It serves as political party for the "New Order" Government, and is one of the three parties allowed to contest in the general elections where it has always won a comfortable majority

Golongan

Rank in the civil service which is based on the educational background and the professional experience of the civil servants. There are four g., which are again divided into 17 grades: golongan I (ad), II (a-d), III (a-d), and IV (a-e).

Gotong royong

Principle of mutual assistance in the society, especially at the local level. Gs. includes the connotation of both sharing the work and sharing the results of the work

Hankam (pertahanan keamanan)

Defence and security

Hukum publik

Public law

Hukum dasar

Basic law. UUD 1945

ICMI

Association of Moslem Intellectuals

IDT (INPRES Desa Tertinggal)

INPRES programme started in 1994 under which the poorest villages receive 20 million Rupiah to support small investments by local groups and entrepreneurs.

INPRES programme

Allocation in the development budget for special programmes like primary education, health, infrastructure. The I.p. are an important source of revenue for the autonomous regional governments

INPRES (Instruksi Presiden)

Presidential Instruction. Administrative directive of the President

Instansi vertikal

Unit of the central government departments at the level of the provinces (Kanwil) or the regencies/ municipalities ( Kandep) that implements the programmes of the department in that region

IPTN (Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara)

State aviation enterprise under the BPIS. Established 1976 and located in Bandung Association of Catholic University Graduates

Jabatan struktural

Structural position in the civil service. J.s. are line management positions in the civil service with a supervisory function for a work unit. Approx. 157,000 positions in the civil service are j.s.

Jabatan fungsional

Functional position in the civil service. J.f. are civil service career paths for certain professions like medical doctors, com- puter operators, researcher etc. Precondition for the appoint- ment in a j.f. is the corresponding professional education and working experience. In its effort the make the civil service more professional, the government is increasing the number of j.f. as compared to the numbers of jabatan struktural.

Jenis pengeluaran

Type of expenditure of a budget allocation

Kabupaten

Regency. Administrative and political unit below the provincial level and the "First Level Autonomous Region" (Pemda Tingkat II). In the past few years, the term kabupaten has been replaced by the term district (consistent with the former Dutch administrative division afdeling).

KADIN (Kamar Dagang dan Industri)

Chamber of Commerce and Industry

KANDEP (Kandep, Kantor departemen)

Local office (instansi vertikal) of a central government department at the Dati II level Kantor wilayah. Provincial office (instansi vertikal) of a central government department

KANWIL (Kanwil, Kantor wilayah)

Administrative sub-district below the kabupaten. Part of the wilayah administration, and headed by the Camat Lit. "Big family". Concept to describe that the relationship between the staff of an institution or firm are not only functional, but like between members of one family

Kecamatan

sub-Regency. Administrative and political unit below the kabupaten or district level and headed by a Camat. Official usage of the term kecamatan has declined in recent years and been replaced by the term sub-district. (consistent with the former Dutch administrative division onderafdelingen).

Keluruhan

Urban village

Kepala Daerah

Head of an autonomous region

Kepala desa

Village Head. The k.d. is not a career civil servant like the Camat but elected by the population and then appointed by the Bupati.

Kepala dusun

Head of a hamlet or sub-village. The k. assists the kepala desa in the village administration

KEPPRES (Keputusan Presiden)

Presidential Decision. Executive order from the President to the administration

Keputusan tata usaha negara

Decision of the state administration which is based on public law, and which can be contested by a natural or legal person in the administrative court if the rights of that person are infringed by the k.

KORPRI (Korps Pegawai Republik Indonesia)

Civil service organisation which was established in 1971. Membership in KORPRI is LKMD mandatory for all civil servants and the personnel of the BUMN. KORPRI is one of the main functional groups that form GOLKAR. The activities of KORPRI cover mainly activities outside the work place

Kota administratif

Lit. "Administrative municipality". A k.a. is still part of the kabupaten or the province, but has already received substantial responsibility for the implementation of governmental matters. Usually, the status of k.a. preludes the establishment as kotamadya

Kotamadya

Municipality. Like the kabupaten, the m. constitutes the "Second Level Autonomous Region"

KUD (Koperasi Unit Desa)

Village Cooperative

KUHD (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang)

Code of commercial law

KUHP (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana)

Code of criminal law

LAN (Lembaga Administrasi Negara)

National Agency for State Administration. One of the LPND whose main function is training and education for civil servants, research and development, and the formulation of policy advise to the president in public administration issues

Lembaga tertinggi negara

"Highest state institution". MPR

Lembaga tinggi negara

Group of "High state institution". Comprises the DPR, the DPA, the MA, the BPK, and the President

Lembaga ekstra-struktural

Lit. non-structural organisation, i.e. a non-permanent organisa- tion with a loose institutional set-up. Examples are e.g. several advisory committees at the national level

LKMD (Lembaga Ketahanan Masyarakat Desa)

Village committee which discusses and approves proposals for village development projects

Lembaga pembina

Lit. "developing institution". Term to describe that a certain government institution is functionally responsible for a certain task. For instance LAN is functionally responsible for the overall development of training and education policies in the civil service

LEMHANAS

National Defense Institute. Policy and training institute under the Department of Defense. Among others, L. organizes a 9- month National Leadership Course for military and civilian personnel

LIPI (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia)

Indonesian Institute of Sciences. One of the LPND

Litbang (Penelitian dan Pembangunan)

Research and Development. In the Indonesian public administration, the 1. units are in charge of research, conceptualization and long-term planning.

Local government

Autonomous regional government

LPND (Lembaga Pemerintah Non-Departemen)

Non-departmental, specialised agencies of the central government which often report directly to the President

LPPU

Training institutes under the Department of Public Works

Lurah

Head of the kelurahan. Career civil servant

MA (Mahkamah Agung)

Supreme Court. One of the Lembaga tinggi negara, and the apex of the Indonesian court system. The MA handles appeals from all branches of the court system

Mekanisme Kepemimpinan Nasional

National Leadership Mechanism. The N.I.m. describes the five year cycle of 1. general election to the DPR, 2. the election of the President, 3. approval of the GBHN and its 4. annual implementation

MENPAN (Menteri Negara Pendayagunaan Administrasi Negara)

State Minister for Administrative Reform

Menteri muda

Junior Minister

Menteri negara

State Minister

Menteri

Minister. Constitutionally the m. is regarded as an "assistant" of the president, and therefore not accountable to the parliament

Monoloyalty

Political concept that requires civil servants to support GOLKAR as the party of the government

MPR (Majelis Permusyarawatan Rakyat)

People's Consultative Assembly. The MPR is the highest state organ which elects the President and the Vice-President, and which determines the policies of the government in the form of the GBHN. The MPR consists of the members of the DPR, representatives of the provinces and delegates appointed by the president. It meets usually every five years at the beginning of the Mekanisme Kepemimpinan Nasional.

Mufakat

Consensus based on mutual concessions

Musbang

Village development meeting

MUSPIDA (Musyawarah Pimpinan Daerah)

Regional leadership meeting to discuss problems and issues in the respective region. The M. includes regional representatives of the security agencies, senior civil servants, the leadership of the DPRD and representatives of social organisations

Musyawarah

M. describes a process of discussion and decision-making which avoids majority decisions but tries to achieve the consensus of all concerned.

Mutasi

Transfer of a PNS to a new post or position

Non-pribumi

Non-Indonesian. Term used mainly for the chinese population.

Onderafdelingen

Former Dutch administrative and political unit below the district (afdeling level in the Netherlands East Indies). Onderafdelingen was replaced by kecamatan during the New Order period and has been replaced again in the past few years through the official usage of the term sub-district in place of kecamatan.

Orba (Orde Baru)

New Order. Period since 1966 when Suharto replaced Sukarno as president.

Orla (Orde Lama)

Old Order. Term used for the political period before 1966 under Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, which in its last years was characterised by economic recession and political instability.

Otda (Otonomi daerah)

Regional autonomy. Describes those areas of government and administration which fall under the jurisdiction and competence of the Daerah-government

Otsus (Otonomi Khusus)

Special Autonomy. Denotes the special forms of autonomy granted to the provinces of Aceh and Papua (Irian Jaya). For more information on Special Autonomy in Papua, see Papuaweb's section on Otsus.

P4-Course (Pedoman Penghayatan dam Pengamalan Pancasila)

Training course to teach the state ideology Pancasila, P4 courses are mandatory for various groups of the society, like students and civil servants. The content and implementation of these courses usaha negara is determined by the BP7

PAD (Pendapatan Asli Daerah)

Locally raised revenue of the Daerah-governments

PAM (Perusahaan Air Minum)

BUMD in charge of water supply

Pancasila Democracy

Term used to describe the political system under the "New Order"-government of President Suharto. The government describes "demokrasi pancasila" as "government from the people, by the people and for the people"

Pancasila

Official state ideology of Indonesia. P. consists of the five principles 1. Belief in the One and Only God, 2. Just and civilized humanity, 3. The unity of Indonesia, 4. Democracy guided by the inner wisdom of deliberations of representatives, 5. Social justice for all the Indonesian people

Patih

Indigenous civil service position in the Bestuur, Inheemsche, the Indonesian part of the Dutch colonial administration

PBB (Pajak Bumi dam Bangunan)

Land and Building Tax. The PBB is collected by the central government and redistributed to the autonomous regions as their own funds. The PBB is the most important element of the PAD

PD (Perusahaan Daerah)

BUMD

PDAM (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum)

PAM

PDI (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia)

Indonesian Democratic Party. One of the three political parties allowed to participate in the general elections. Formed by merging the former nationalist and christian parties

Pejabat negara

Politically elected or appointed functionary. Examples are the president, the ministers, the members of the MPR and the DPR, and the Kepala Daerah

Pemda Tingkat II (Pemerintah Daerah Tk. II)

Government of the Second Level Autonomous Region. Formally the p. consists of the Kepala Daerah and the DPRD II

Pemda Tingkat I (Pemerintah Daerah Tk. I)

Government of the First Level Autonomous Region. Formally the p. consists of the Kepala Daerah and the DPRD I

Pemerintah pusat

Central (national) government

Pemerintah Daerah

Regional government

Pengadilan tinggi tata

High State Administrative Court. Second level of the administrative court system. As of now, there are three p. (Jakarta, Medan, Ujung Pandang)

Pengadilan tata usaha negara

State Administrative Court. First level of the administrative court system

Pengawasan

Control, supervision

Penghijauan

Lit. "Making green". Term to describe the policy to fill civil service positions with active or retired military personnel

Peraturan Pemerintah

Government Regulation PP

Perbuatan hukum

Lit. "legal action". Action of the public administration which can be contested under the administrative law (PTUN)

Perbuatan nyata

Lit. "actual deed". Action of the public administration which does not fall under the administrative law but under the other bodies of law

Perda (Peraturan Daerah)

Regional Regulation. Legal instrument of the daerah-government.

Perjan (Perusahaan Jawatan)

Departmental agency. One of the three legal forms of a BUMN

Persero (Perusahaan Perseroan)

Public limited company owned by the government. One of the three legal forms of a BUMN

Perum (Perusahaan Umum)

Public utility. One of the three legal forms of a BUMN

PERUMNAS (Perumahan Nasional)

BUMN that has the task to provide housing to low-income groups of the society

Petisi 50

Petition 50. P. describes a group of politicians, retired army personnel, academics and others who are critical to the policies of the "New Order" - government. In 1980, the P. published a petition outlining their critiques and demands

Pidato Pertanggung jawaban Presiden

On the 16 August of every year, the President presents an outline of the results of the government policies and of the policy initiatives for the coming year to the DPR

PIMTI (Pimpinan Inti)

Training course for Eselon I civil servants which is organised and implemented by LAN

PJP (Pola Umum Pembangunan Jangka Panjang)

25-year Long-Term Development Plan

PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Nasional)

National electricity company

PN (Perusahaan Nasional)

Older legal form for a BUMN

PNS (Pegawai negeri sipil)

Civil servant

PNS Pusat diperbantukan

Civil servant of the central government who is seconded to a daerah-government and whose salary is paid from the regional budget (APBD)

PNS Pusat diperjakan

Civil servant of the central government who is seconded to a daerah-government but whose salary is still paid by the national budget

PNS tidak tetap

Civil servant whose appointment is for a limited time only

PNS Daerah

Civil servant of the government of an autonomous region

PNS Pusat

Civil servant of the central government

PO (Petunjuk Operational)

Operational guideline outlining the de- tails of aproject funded under the development budget. The p.o. is basically a further clarification and specification of the DIP

Pola Dasar Pembangunan Daerah

Part of the preparation of the development plans of the regional governments

PP (Peraturan Pemerintah)

Government Regulation. Legal instrument which is one level below a law (UU/undang-undang). Usually the law authorizes the government to detail legislation in the form of a PP.

PPP (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan)

One of the three political parties allowed to participate in the general elections. Formed through the merger of the former islamic parties.

Pribumi

Term used for the indigenous, non-Chinese population

Priyayi

Administrative class under the former Indonesian kings and rulers. The p. became the backbone of the Bestuur, Inheemsche to carry out the policies and regulations of the Dutch colonial rule.

Propinsi

Province

PT (Perseroan Terbatas)

Public limited company

PTUN (Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara)

Code of the administrative law

PUOD (Direktorat Jenderal Pemerintahan Umum dan Otonomi Daerah)

Directorate-General for General Administration and Regional Autonomy of the DDN which supervises the administration of the daerah-governments, and handles the SDO grants of the central government to the daerah-governments

PWI (Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia)

Organisation of Indonesian Journalists

Rakorbang (I,II), Rapat Koordinasi Pembangunan

Development coordination meeting at the level of the autonomous regional government to prepare the regional inputs for the national development plan (Repelita) and the annual budget (APBN)

Rakorda (Rapat Koordinasi Daerah)

Regional coordination meeting

Rakornas (Rapat Koordinasi Nasional)

National coordination meeting

Regional autonomy

R.A. is defined in the Law No. 5 (1974) on regional administration as "the right, the authority and the obligation to manage the region according to the existing statutes". The present concept of autonomy is more limited than autonomy concepts during the "Old Order"-government.

Regional government

Pemda. Formally the r.g. consisted of the Kepala Daerah and the DPRD

Repelita (Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun)

Five-year Development Plan

Repelitada (Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun Daerah)

Five-year development plan of the autonomous regions

RK (Rukun kampung)

Village neighbourhood association

RT (Rukun tetangga)

Local neighbourbood association in charge of population registration

Rukun

"Harmonious state of the society"

RW (Rukun wilayah)

Local neighbourhood organisation

S1/S2/S3

Satjana

SAMSAT (Sistem Administrasi Manunggal Satu Atap)

"One door" administrative service, where all procedures for a certain purpose can be done (for instance for vehicle registration, registration, tax payment and vehicle insurance can all be done in one office building)

Sapta Prasetya

Ethics code of KORPRI. It includes among others allegiance to Pancasila and the UUD 1945; commitment to national unity, welfare of the society and KORPRI; a pledge to be honest and not to favour private or group interests.

Sarjana

Indonesian university degree. The S1 equals the BA degree, while S2 is equivalent to a master degree. The S3 is comparable to a Ph.D.

SBSI (Sejathtera Buruh Seluruh Indonesia)

Association of Indonesian Workers. Independent trade union which is not recognised by the government

SDO (Subsidi Daerah Otonom)

Central government grants to the autonomous regions to cover routine expenditure, especially civil service salaries

Second Level Regional Government

Pemda Tk. II, autonomous regional government

Sekjen (Sekretaris Jenderal)

Secretary-General

Sekkab (Sekretariat Kabinet)

Cabinet Secretariat

SekNeg (Sekretariat Negara)

State Secretariat. Supports the President and has coordinating functions for those LPND that report directly to the President

Sekwilda (Sekretaris Wilayah Daerah)

Highest administrative function in the wilayah administration at regional level. The s. heads the regional secretariat (Setwilda). The s. is at the same time the secretary of the daerah government

Sengketa tata usaha negara

Legal term from the PTUN to describe a legal dispute between the administration and a natural or legal person, based on the administrative law

Setwilda (Sekretariat Wilayah)

Regional secretariat to coordinate the activities of the wilayah administration. The s. is at the same time the secretariat of the daerah-government

Sistem bapak angkat

Literally "foster parent system". Scheme under which large enterprises (both public and private) assist small- and medium scale enterprises, for instance, by providing training and funds

SK Menteri (Surat Keputusan Menteri)

Ministerial decision

SKB (Surat Keputusan Bersama)

Joint ministerial decision between two or more ministers

SPAMA (Staf dan Pimpinan Administrasi Tingkat Pertama)

Structural training course for eselon III candidates

SPAMEN (Staf dan Pimpinan Administrasi Tingkat Menengah)

Structural training course for eselon II candidates

SPATI (Staf dan Pimpinan Administrasi Tingkat Tinggi)

Structural training course for eselon I candidates

SPSI (Serikat Perkerja Seluruh Indonesia)

All-Indonesia Workers Union. The only trade union that is officially recognised by the government

STIA (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi)

School of Administrative Science. Higher education institute within the organisation of LAN which offers degree and non-degree courses mainly for civil servants

STPDN (Sekolah Tinggi Pemerintahan Dalam Negri)

Higher education institute of the DDN for the training and education of staff of the wilayah-administration

Structural training

Diklat struktural

Sub-district

Administrative and political unit below the district (kabupaten). This term replaces the official usage of kecamatan during the New Order period.

Surat Edaran

Budget Circular of the Department of Finance that sets into motion the process of budget preparation

Swadana-unit

Government institutions, often technical implementation units (UPT) like hospitals, which can operate commercially and can keep any profit they make for the improvement of their operations

Swasantra

autonomy, autonomous; (keswasantraan) autonomy

Trilogi pembangunan

"The Development Trilogy", stressing economic growth, even distribution of development and national stability

UDKP (Unit Daerah Kerja Pembangunan)

Coordination committee on kecamatan-level to review and coordinate project proposals from the desa and kelurahan

UPD (Unit Pelaksana Daerah)

Implementation unit of the daerah-administration

UPDT (Unit Pelaksana Daerah Teknis)

Technical implementation unit of the daerah-administration

UPW (Unit Pelaksana Wilayah)

Implementation unit of the wilayah-administration

Urusan rumah tangganya

Governmental tasks under the sole responsibility of the regional and the desa governments

UU (Undang-undang)

Law passed by the DPR

UUD 1945 (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945)

Indonesian constitution from 1945

Walikota

Mayor

Wawasan Nusantara

Political concept to underline Indonesia's claim for full political and economic sovereignty on all land and water within the boundaries of Indonesia

Wedana

Administrative position in the Bestuur, Inheemsche. Chief of a district

Widyaiswara

Functional trainer. Functional position (jabatan fungsional) in the civil service whose main tasks lies in the field of training and education

Wilayah

Territorial sub-division of the state administration. Its territorial boundaries are identical with the provinces as "first level autonomous regions"

Wilayah-administration

Administrative apparatus of the wilayah, consisting of the instansi vertikal, implementation units (UPW), the regional inspectorate and the BKPMD

Kata singkat berhubungan Gereja

ABMS

Australian Baptist Missionary Society

ACC

Australian Council of Churches

AMA

Associated Mission Aviation

APCM

Australia Pacific Christian Mission

BKAG (Badan Konsultasi dan Kerjasama Antar Gereja)

Inter-Church Consultation and Cooperation Board

CMS

Church Missionary Society

CRO (Commissie voor Rechtsverkeer in Oorlogstijd)

Commission (or Committee) for the Process of Law in Wartime

DGI (Dewan Gereja-Gereja di Indonesia)

Council of Churches in Indonesia [Reborn as the PGI in 1984]

DPI (Dewan Pantekosta Indonesia)

Council of Pentecostal Churches in Indonesia

DGI (Dewan Gereja-Gereja di Indonesia)

Council of Churches in Indonesia Reborn as the PGI in 1984

DPI (Dewan Pantekosta Indonesia)

Council of Pentecostal Churches in Indonesia

DZR (Doopsgezinde Zendingsraad [Dutch])

Mennonite Mission Council

DZV (Doopsgezinde Zendings Vereniging [Dutch])

Mennonite Mission Society

CAMA

Christian and Missionary Alliance

CCW (Het Comite van de Christen-Werkman)

The Christian Workmen's Committee

GAMKI (Gerakan Angkatan Muda Kristen Indonesia)

Indonesian Christian Youth Movement

GBGP (Gereja Bethel Gereja Pantekosta)

Bethel Pentecostal Church

GBI (Gereja Bethel Indonesia)

Bethel Church of Indonesia

GBIJ (Gereja Baptis Irian Jaya)

Baptist Church in Irian Jaya

GGRI (Gereja-Gereja Reformasi di Indonesia, Irian Jaya)

Reformed Churches in Indonesia, Irian Jaya

GJPI (Gereja Jemaat Protestan Indonesia)

Indonesian Protestant Congregations Church

GIDI (Gereja Injili di Indonesia)

Evangelical Church of Indonesia

GKI (Gereja Kristen Injili di Irian Jaya)

Evangelical Christian Church of Irian Jaya

GKII (Gereja Kemah Injil Indonesia)

Evangelical Tabernacle Church of Indonesia

GKJW (Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan)

Christian Church of East Java

GKKK (Gereja Kristen Kalam Kudus)

Christian Holy Word Church

GKN (Gereformeerde Kerken Nederland)

Rereformed Churches in the Netherlands

GMIH (Gereja Masehi Injil Halmahera)

Evangelical Christian Church of Halmahera

GMIM (Gereja Masehi Injili Minahasa)

Evangelical Christian Church of Minahasa

GMKI (Gerakan Mahasiswa Kristen Indonesia)

Indonesian Student Christian Movement

GPDI (Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia)

Pentecostal Church of Indonesia

GPI (Gereja Protestan Indonesia)

Indonesian Protestant Church

GPIIJ (Gereja Protestan Indonesia di Irian Jaya)

Indonesian Protestant Church in Irian Jaya

GPKAI (Gereja Perseketuan Kristen Alkitab Indonesia)

Indonesian Christian Bible Fellowship Church

GPM (Gereja Protestan Maluku)

Moluccan Protestant Church

GPPS (Gereja Pantekosta Pusat Surabaya)

Pentecostal Church of Surabaya

HBS (Hoogere Burgerschool)

Higher Citizens School

HKBP (Huria Kristen Batak Protestan)

Batak Christian Protestant Church

ICCO

Interchurch Coordination Commission for Development Projects

JDF

Irian Jaya Joint Development Fund

Kartidaya (Yayasan Karunia Bakti Budaya)

Cultural Service Gifts Foundation

KKN (Kuliah Kerja Nyata)

Field Work. Since 1997 the initials have also been used to mean Collusion, Corruption and Nepotism

KPM (Koningklijke Paketvaart Maatschapij)

Royal Mail Steam Packet Company

LMS

London Missionary Society

MAF

Mission Aviation Fellowship

MCC

Mennonite Central Committee

MSC (Missionarii Sacratissimi Cordis [Jesu])

Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (of Jesus)

MULO (Meer Uitgebreid Lagers School)

Advanced Elementary School

NHK (Nederlandsche Hervormde Kerk)

Netherlands Reformed Church

NICA

Netherlands Indies Colonial Administration

NNGPM (Nederlands Nieuw Guinea Petroleum Maatschapij)

Netherlands New Guinea Petroleum Company

NRC

Netherlands Reformed Congregations

NTM

New Tribes Mission

ODO (Opleidingsschool voor Dorpsonderwijzers)

Village Teachers School. The name of the OVVO after 1955

OFM (Ordo Fratrum Minorum)

Order of the Friars Minor or the Franciscans

OPM (Organisasi Papua Merdeka)

Free Papua Movement

OSC (Ordo Sanctae Crucis)

Order of the Sacred Cross

OVVO (Opleidingsschool voor Volksonderwijzers)

Community Teachers School

P3W (Pusat Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Wanita)

Centre for Women's Development and Training

PGGBI (Perseketuan Gereja-Gereja Baptis Indonesia)

Fellowship of Baptist Churches in Indonesia The name of the GBIJ after 1988

PGI (Perseketuan Gereja-Gereja di Indonesia)

Fellowship of Churches in Indonesia

PGIW (Perseketuan Gereja-Gereja Indonesia)

Wilayah Regional PGI

PII (Perseketuan Injili Indonesia)

Evangelical Fellowship of Indonesia

PNG

Papua New Guinea

PVK (Papuan Vrijwillegers Korps)

Papuan Volunteer Corps

RBMU

Regions Beyond Missionary Union

RMG (Rheinische Missions Gesellschaft)

Rhine Mission Society

SAM (Sekolah Alkitab Makasar)

Macassar Bible School Later the STT Jaffray

SAM (Sekolah Alkitab Malam)

Evening Bible School

SGA (Sekolah Guru Atas)

Senior Teachers School

SGB (Sekolah Guru Bawah)

Junior Teachers School

SIKNG (Stichting Immigratie en Kolonisatie Nieuw-Guinea)

New Guinea Immigration and Colonisation Foundation

SMA (Sekolah Menengah Atas)

Senior High School Now often referred to as a General High School or SMU (Sekolah Menengah Umum)

SMEK (Schweiz Mennonitische Evangelisations-Komitee)

Swiss Mennonite Evangelism Committee

SMU (Sekolah Menengah Umum)

see SMA

STAK (Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen)

Christian Religion College

STIE (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi)

Economics College

STFT (Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Teologi)

Philosophical Theology College

STT (Sekolah Tinggi Teologi)

Theological College

TEAM

The Evangelical Alliance Mission

TMF

The Missions Fellowship

UCA

Uniting Church in Australia

UFM

Unevangelized Field Mission

UZV (Utrechtse Zendingsvereniging)

Utrecht Mission Society

VEM (Vereinigen Evangelische Mission)

United Evangelical Mission. After a reorganisation in 1996, renamed the Vereinte Evangelische Mission, and is often known by its English name and initials, UEM

VKNG (Vereniging Kolonisatie Nieuw Guinea)

New Guinea Colonisation Company

VNZ (Verenigde Nederlandse Zendingscorporatsies)

United Netherlands Mission Societies

VOC (Vereeniging Oost Indies Companie)

[Dutch] East India Company

VVS

Vervolgschool Continuation School

WVI

World Vision International

Yakpesmi (Yayasan Kristen Pelayanan Sosial Masyarakat Indonesia)

Indonesian Christian Community Social Welfare Foundation

Yajasi (Yayasan Jaars Indonesia)

Indonesian Jaars Foundation

Yapis (Yayasan Pendidikan Islam)

Muslim Education Foundation

Yasanto (Yayasan Santo Antonius)

St Anthony Foundation

YKB (Yayasan Kesehatan Bethesda)

Bethesda Health Foundation

YPK (Yayasan Persekolahan Kristen)

Christian Schools Association

YPPGI (Yayasan Persekolahan Persahabatan Gereja-Gereja Injili)

Fellowship of Evangelical Churches Schools Association

YPPK (Yayasan Pendidikan dan Persekolahan Katolik)

Catholic Education and Schools Association

YPPT (Yayasan Pelayanan Penerbangan Tariku)

Air Service Foundation

ZGG (Zending der Gereformeerde Gemeenten in Nederland en Noord Amerika)

Mission Board of the Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands and North America. Often referred to as the NRC

ZGK (Zending van de (Vrijgemaakte) Gereformeerde Kerken)

Mission Board of the (Liberated) Reformed Churches. Often referred to as the ‘Vrijgemaakt’

ZGKN (Zending de Gereformeerde Kerken Nederland)

Mission Board of the Rereformed Churches in the Netherlands

ZNHK (Raad voor de Zending van de Nederlands Hervormd Kerk)

Council of the Mission Board of the Netherlands Reformed Church

ZPM (Zending Protestan Maluku)

Moluccan Protestant Mission

Kata singkat berhubungan Sejarah Papua PBB

DPRD (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah)

Peoples' Regional Representative Council. Indonesian appointed replacement for the West New Guinea Council (Nieuw Guinea Raad) after May 1963.

DVP (Democratische Volkspartij)

Democratic People’s party. A Papuan national party banned by the Indonesians along with all other existing Papuan parties in 1963.

FUNDWI

United Nations Fund for West Irian. Set up following 1962 New York Agreement.

MPRS (Madjelis Perwakilan Rakyat Sementara)

Indonesian Provisional Peoples’ Consultative Congress. Formed in 1960, its official functions were to choose the President and Vice-President and to determine the main lines of state policy.

NAA

National Archives of Australia

OPM (Organisasi Papua Merdeka)

Free Papua Movement.

OPSUS (Operasi Khusus)

Special Operations Section of Indonesian military.

PNG (Papua New Guinea)

Name of the eastern part of New Guinea since its independence in 1975.

PRO

Public Record Office. The national archives for England and Wales.

PVK (Papua Vrijwilligers Korps)

Papua Volunteer Corps. Military force of around 450 West Papuans formed and led by the Dutch in 1960. Disbanded by Indonesia when it took control of West New Guinea

TPNG

Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Name of the eastern half of New Guinea during its administration by Australia. Became independent in 1975.

UNA

United Nations Association.

UNGA

United Nations General Assembly.

UNMO

United Nations Military Observers. Deployed in West New Guinea August to September 1962.

UNRWI

United Nations Representative in West Irian. Position held by Ortiz Sanz during the Act of Free Choice.

UNSF

United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea during UNTEA

UNTEA

United Nations Temporary Executive Authority. Administered West New Guinea 1 October 1962 to 1 May 1963.

UNTAB

United Nations Technical Assistance Board.

Kata singkat berhubungan organisasi lain

ACFOA

Australian Council for Overseas Aid

ABRI

Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia (Indonesian Armed Forces)

AWPA

Australian West Papua Association (Sydney)

BLK

Balai Latihan Kerja (Training Centre)

DOM

Daerah Operasi Militer (Military Operational Zone)

ESKOPME

Expedisi Komando Operasi Papua Merdeka (the Expedition of the Operational Command for Papuan Independence)

FFP

Föreningen För ett Fritt Väst Papua (Swedish West Papua Association)

FI

Freeport Indonesia

FPKPB

Front Persiapan Kemerdekaan Papua Barat (Independence Preparatory Front for West Papua)

FORERI

Forum Rekonsiliasi untuk Rakyat Irian Jaya (Forum for Reconciliation of the People of West Papua/Irian Jaya)

GPM

Gerakan Merah Putih (Red White Movement)

ICRC

International Committee of the Red Cross

KPKPB

Komite Persiapan Kemerdekaan Papua Barat (Preparatory Committee for the Independence of West Papua)

KOPKAMTIB

Command for the Restoration of Security and Order. (Indonesian military intelligence body)

KOREM

Komando Resimen (Regional Military Command)

KODIM

Komando Distrik Militer (District Military Command)

LEMASA

Lembaga Musyawarah Adat Suku Amungme (Traditional Consultation Council of the Amungme)

MAKODAM

Markas Komando Daerah Militer (Headquarters of the Regional Command of the TEPENAL)

MAMTA

Mambramo Tanah Merah Command of the National Liberation Army

NAAP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

NLC

National Liberation Council of West Papua

OPM

Organisasi Papua Merdeka/Free Papua Movement

OPIC

Overseas Private Investment Corporation

PAPENAL

Pasukan Pembebesan Nasional (National Liberation Army), The military wing of the PEMKA group, also called TEPENAL.

PARNA

Partai Nasional (National Party)

PEPERA

Penentuan Pendapat Rakyat (Decision of Public Opinion)

PELITA

Pembangunan Lita Tahun (Five Years Development)

PEMKA

Pembela Keadilan (The Council for Restoration of Justice)

PTFI

P.T. Freeport Indonesia

RPGWP

Revolutionary Provisional Government of West Papua

RMCOPM

Revolutionary Military Council of the OPM

SPOPPB

Staff Pelaksana Operasi Pembebesan Papua Barat (General Operational Staff for the liberation of West Papua)

TAPOL

Tahanan Politik di Indonesia (Political Prisoners in Indonesia)

TPN

Tentara Pembebasan Nasional (National Liberation Forces)

UNTEA

The United Nations Temporary Authority

WAHLI

Indonesian Environmental Group

WPNC

West Papua National Council